《植物生理学报》 2013, 49(8): 817-823

不同倍性小麦种子萌发特征及其对水分胁迫敏感性的差异

王征宏^1,2,*, 赵威¹, 郭秀璞¹, 吕淑芳¹, 王春平¹, 邓西平²

¹河南科技大学农学院, 河南洛阳471003；²西北农林科技大学, 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌712100

通信作者：王征宏；E-mail: zhwwzhh@163.com

摘　要：

以不同倍性小麦为材料, 研究水分胁迫对种子萌发、幼苗生长、贮藏物质转运以及萌发期生理生化指标的影响。结果表明, 二倍体小麦发芽能力显著低于四倍体和六倍体小麦, 但发芽速度较快; 随着染色体倍数的递增, 小麦根/芽比、贮藏物质转化效率、淀粉含量、种子萌发后期(第8天)可溶性糖含量均呈逐渐增加的趋势, 而贮藏物质转运率逐渐降低; –0.5 MPa水分胁迫对小麦幼苗的生长和生物量、种子贮藏物质的转运量和转运率、萌发后期α-淀粉酶活性的抑制程度均随着小麦染色体倍数的递增而逐渐降低。表明随着染色体倍数的递增, 小麦种子萌发和早期幼苗生长对水分胁迫的耐受性逐渐增强。

关键词：小麦; 种子萌发; 幼苗生长; 贮藏物质转运; 水分胁迫

收稿：2013-04-29   修定：2013-07-07

资助：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118604)、国际科技合作计划项目(2010DFA91930)、黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室开放基金项目(10501-289)和河南科技大学博士科研启动基金项目(09001427)。

Seed Germination Characteristics and Their Differences in Sensitivity to Water Stress in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels

WANG Zheng-Hong^1,2,*, ZHAO Wei¹, GUO Xiu-Pu¹, LÜ Shu-Fang¹, WANG Chun-Ping¹, DENG Xi-Ping²

¹College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China; ²State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

Corresponding author: ; E-mail: zhwwzhh@163.com

Abstract:

In this study, the effects of water stress on seed germination, seedling growth, translocation of seed reserves and other physiological and biochemical indexes in wheat with different ploidy levels were investigat-ed at stages of seed germination and seedling growth. The results indicated that diploid wheat had a significant-ly higher germination speed but lower germinated capacity than tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. With the in-crease in ploidy, the root/shoot ratio, translocation efficiency of seed reserves, starch content, soluble sugar content at the latter stage of germination (eighth day) gradually and significantly increased, while translocation percentage of seed reserves decreased evidently. However, the degree of water stress inhibition (–0.5 MPa) to seedling growth, biomass, weight of utilized seed reserves, percentage of seed reserve translocation and α-amylase activity at the latter stage of germination gradually decreased with the increase in wheat ploidy. These results suggest that the tolerance of wheat to water stress during seed germination and seedling develop-ment gradually strengthen with the increase in ploidy.

Key words: wheat; seed germination; seedling growth; translocation of seed reserves; water stress